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A generator is an electrical device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using the principle of electromagnetic induction. Generators are used as primary or backup power sources in residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities.
Working Principle
Generators work based on Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction — when a conductor moves through a magnetic field, it induces a current.
The prime mover (engine or turbine) turns the rotor (magnet) inside the stator (winding), generating electricity.
Output: AC or DC power, depending on the design.
Types of Generators
1. By Power Source
| Type | Fuel | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Diesel Generator (DG Set) | Diesel | Most common – backup or prime power |
| Gas Generator | Natural gas, biogas, LPG | Cleaner fuel, continuous use |
| Petrol Generator | Gasoline | Portable, small-scale use |
| Hybrid Generator | Solar + Diesel / Battery | Energy-efficient systems |
2. By Phase
Single Phase Generator (230 V) – for residential / small commercial
Three Phase Generator (400 V or 415 V) – for industrial / heavy loads
3. By Portability
Stationary (Silent / Soundproof)
Portable / Mobile (with wheels or trailer)
Typical Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Power Rating | 5 kVA – 3000+ kVA (larger on demand) |
| Voltage Output | 230 V (1-phase), 400/415 V (3-phase), 50 Hz or 60 Hz |
| Frequency | 50 Hz (Bangladesh / India / Europe), 60 Hz (US/others) |
| Rated Power Factor | 0.8 lagging (standard) |
| Fuel Type | Diesel / Natural Gas / LPG / Petrol |
| Fuel Tank Capacity | 50 – 1000+ liters (based on runtime) |
| Run Time | Typically 8–12 hours on full tank |
| Cooling System | Air-cooled (small units) / Water-cooled (larger units) |
| Noise Level | ≤ 75 dB(A) at 1 meter (for silent gensets) |
| Starting System | Electric start (battery), Manual recoil (small sets) |
| Control Panel | Auto/Manual Start, AMF (Auto Mains Failure), ATS compatible |
| Enclosure (Canopy) | Soundproof, weatherproof, lifting hooks, louvers |
| Compliance Standards | ISO 8528, BS 5000, IEC 60034, CPCB II (India), EU Stage IIIA (Europe) |