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Switchgear is a critical component in electrical power systems used to control, protect, and isolate electrical equipment. It enables safe operation of the electrical network under normal and fault conditions and facilitates maintenance by disconnecting specific sections of the network.
It is widely used in:
Power generation plants
Transmission & distribution substations
Industrial plants
Commercial & residential complexes
Data centers, airports, hospitals, etc.
Types of Switchgear
Switchgear is categorized by voltage level, insulation medium, and construction type:
1. By Voltage Class
| Category | Voltage Range | Typical Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Low Voltage (LV) | ≤ 1 kV (e.g. 415 V) | Distribution panels, MCCs, control panels |
| Medium Voltage (MV) | 1 kV – 36 kV | Substations, ring main units |
| High Voltage (HV) | > 36 kV | Transmission substations |
Technical Specifications – Typical Values
Below is a set of typical switchgear specifications, which may vary based on voltage class and usage scenario:
| Parameter | Description / Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Rated Voltage | LV: 415 V / 3-phase / 50 Hz MV: 11 kV / 33 kV |
| Rated Current | LV: 630 A to 3200 A MV: 630 A to 3150 A |
| Short-Circuit Withstand Capacity | 25 – 50 kA for 1 or 3 seconds |
| Impulse Withstand Voltage (BIL) | 75 – 200 kV (for MV/HV) |
| Power Frequency Withstand | As per IEC standard (1 min test) |
| Busbar System | Copper or Aluminum, 3-phase + neutral; optionally double busbar |
| Breakers | ACB, MCCB, VCB, SF₆ CB; fixed or draw-out |
| Protection Relays | Overcurrent, Earth Fault, Under/Over Voltage, Differential, etc. |
| Metering | Multifunction meters (V, A, PF, kWh), analog meters optional |
| Control Supply | AC: 230 V; DC: 24 V, 110 V, 220 V for coils |
| Panel Enclosure | CRCA sheet steel, powder coated; 1.6 – 2.5 mm thick |
| IP Rating | IP43 to IP55 (higher for outdoor models) |
| Cooling | Natural ventilation or optional forced cooling |
| Operating Temp. | –10°C to +55°C (tropicalized design) |
| Compliance | IEC 61439 (LV), IEC 62271 (MV), ANSI, BS/EN standards |
